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To apply a novel proteomic method to discover potential pathogenic factors and biomarkers of preeclampsia.Sera from five patients complicated with preeclampsia and five healthy pregnant controls were separately pooled. Each pool was treated with peptide ligand library beads (PLLBs) to remove high abundance proteins by affinity and thus enrich low abundance proteins. The proteins from the eluate were...
Transfection using cationic lipid reagents such as DharmaFECT2 is an efficient tool for introducing siRNA into primary human cytotrophoblast cells. However, we now report a limitation to the use of this method as the concentration of DharamFECT2 needed for effective siRNA delivery causes ligand-independent activation of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor and consequently, functional...
Chronic histiocytic intervillositis of unknown etiology (CIUE) is a rare placental inflammatory disease, associated with severe obstetric complications. Its pathophysiologic mechanism remains to be elucidated.To establish anatomical–clinical correlations to improve our understanding of CIUE pathophysiology.Retrospective study of all cases of CIUE occurring during a 9-year period in a university tertiary...
Drug treatment is critical in pregnant cows due to the possibility of a maternal-to-fetal drug transfer across the placenta. Since the (syn)epitheliochorial bovine placental barrier includes an intact uterine epithelium, which in general limits drug transfer to the fetal trophoblast, the establishment of a species- and organ-specific in vitro model like the bovine caruncular epithelial cell line 1...
The placenta plays an important role as a regulator of fetal nutrition and growth throughout development and placental factors contribute to gestational abnormalities such as preeclampsia. This study describes the genome-wide gene expression profiles of a large (n = 60) set of human placentas in order to uncover gene expression patterns associated with preeclampsia. In addition to confirming changes...
Increased placental oxidative stress in preeclampsia (PE) has been associated in part to a decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) antioxidant activity. However, it is not clear if GPX mRNA expression is affected in PE, and how the presence of labor may impair this expression. In this study, we characterized by quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, the expression of four...
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes (GDM) are conditions associated with fetal overgrowth and excessive fat accumulation in the fetus, implicating an increased placental nutrient transfer in these pregnancies. Obese and GDM mothers have altered metabolism and hormone levels, including elevation of maternal circulatory lipids and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We tested the hypothesis that interleukin...
Immunohistochemical staining with specific markers for the respective cell type facilitates tracking and identification of cells such as extravillous trophoblast in the uterine wall. Cytokeratin has been recommended as a marker for all kinds of trophoblasts and is commonly used as a marker to identify interstitial as well as endovascular trophoblast. With immunohistochemical double staining of specimens...
The stress of Antenatal Maternal Hypoxia (AMH) can lead to a number of physiological and pathological changes in both mother and fetus, changes which can be linked to alterations in placental morphology and gene regulation. Recently, in the Brown Norway rat “model” of placental insufficiency, we reported alterations in placental renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes. Moreover, AMH can lead to reduced...
Conventional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound has been widely used for the evaluation of the placenta during pregnancy. This 2D ultrasound evaluation includes the morphology, anatomy, location, implantation, anomaly, size, and color/power and pulsed Doppler sonographic assessment of the placenta. The introduction of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound would facilitate the novel assessment of the placenta,...
Maternal thyroid hormone is provided to the fetus before the onset of fetal thyroid function (at about 16 weeks) and is essential for normal neurologic development. Mechanisms of transport are uncertain but transthyretin (TTR), a thyroxine binding protein produced by the placenta may be involved. Placental oxygen concentrations in early pregnancy are low, about 1% early in the first trimester and...
Oxygenated cholesterol metabolites known as oxysterols display potent biological activities ranging from regulation of lipid homeostasis to cytotoxicity. Oxysterols have previously been shown to inhibit the invasion of first trimester trophoblasts, an effect which involves activation of the nuclear liver X receptors (LXRs). In the present study, we investigated the effects of several oxysterols on...
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes a variety of clinical syndromes, but the infection is severe in immunocompromised individuals and during pregnancy due to the possibility of transplacental transmission of the parasite causing congenital toxoplasmosis. Vertical transmission of the parasite usually occurs when females are primarily infected during pregnancy...
Human placentas studied after normal and abnormal pregnancies require author attention to a number of variables derived from clinical chart review. We herein provide a Table listing many of the key variables that might be confounders for clinical studies of the human placenta. As Editors for Placenta, we respectfully request our authors to cite this Technical Note in Methods of submitted papers and...
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